The History of sindh.
Sindh has a very long history. Many different people have lived here.
The. Stone Age.
people first came to live on the land that is now sindh thousands of years ago.They moved from one place to another to find food and shelter.They used very simple tools such as hand-axes to cut wood and to kill animals. These tools were made of stone,so this period is called the stone Age.
many years later .people began to make better tools.They learned to grow crops and raise animals for food.They also learned to make house of wood and mud bricks. instead of moving around, they began to live in the same place . these were the first village in sindh . this periods was called the new stone Age.
Indus valley civilization
the first civilization that we know of in sindh is the Indus valley civilization. As the name shows ,this civilization began along the banks of the river Indus and its plains. in 1922 , people living on the west bank of the river Indus near larkana found some old coin and bricks Archaeologist studied the things they found and believed they belong to an ancient civilizations. they began to dig up the area from the diggings they learned that around 5000 years ago,people started to live around the river Indus. they built the first towns of the Indus valley civilization. Moen -jo- Dark is one of these towns.
the town was well planned with wide streets,building and houses. The building and house were made of baked bricks.they had wells for water and a proper drainage system. inside the house they found.
jewellery,vases,cooking pots,and tools made out of clay,stone and bronze . they even found the remains of children's toys .
great numbers of stone seals were also found with drawings and writing on them .Historian have not yet been able to understand what the writing means.
The people of Moen -jo- Daro were mainly farmers.They grew rice,wheat and barley .They were also crafts people and traders .the traders used to trade with the people of Iran,Iraq and India.
About 800 years after it began,the Indus valley civilization ended.To this day we do not know what happened. some historians think that it ended because of wars with the Aryans.Others think that the Indus river may have changed its course and flooded the area or a terrible diseases may have wiped out the population.
The Aryans:
The next civilization in sindh was that of the Aryans .the Aryans came from Eastern Europe and central Asia and conquered sindh. like the people of the Indus valley civilization, the Aryans settled in village growing crops such as wheat and barley.the village slowly grew into towns and kingdom. Each of the kingdom was ruled by a Raja.the people in the kingdom were divided according to the work they did.This later became a cast system.
The cast system.
There are four main caste .The highest caste is the Brahmins,the priest, scholars and philosopher .th second highest cast is the kashtrias,the warriors leaders and rules.The Tjhird are the vaishyas,the merchant, crafts people and farmers. the fourth cast is tbeshudras the labourers andservants. for the other castes.
The untouchable are the Dalits .These people have no caste at all and are seen as out of castes,They perform the most lovely jobs,such ad cleaning toilets,sweeping roads handling dead Aby pirates near port of Debal .
The traders and thier families were put in prison and the goods and gift were stolen Haajaimals and mending shoes.
the different castes were not allowed to meet work together or marry each other. this was the beginning of what we call the castes system.
The Muslims in sindh.
in 712 Ad sindh came under the control of the Muslim army of Muhammad bin Qasim . why did this happen?
one day a ship carrying Arab traders and their families their goods and experience gift from the ruler of sri Lanka for Hajjaj bin Yousuf t the Governor of Iraq were attacks and held by pirates near the port of Debal.
the traders and their families were put in prison and the goods and gift were stolen Hajjaj bin Yousuf asked Raja Dahir the ruler of sindh to punish the pirates free the prisoners and return the goods and gift but he refused. so Hajjaj bin Yousuf sent Muhammad bin Qasim to attack the kingdom of Raja Dahir . Muhammad bin Qasim arrived in 711 AD at Debal with soldiers and weapons they attacked Debal using the catapult and captured it . they freed the traders and their families Muhammad bin Qasim and his soldiers then conquered the rest of sindh and southern Punjab up to Multan .it become a province of the Arab Emirates. it remained a province for 312 years until 1014. During this time some people become Muslim. Trade between the Arab and the subcontinent increase and ideas were exchange so the people learned a lot from each other.
After Muhammad bin Qasim ,many different Muslim rules governed sindh .
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